Chronic Low Back Pain
What is Chronic Low Back Pain?
Chronic low back pain refers to pain in the lower back that persists for 12 weeks or longer, even after the initial cause of acute low back pain has been treated. It can affect people of all ages and can significantly interfere with daily activities, work, and overall quality of life. Unlike acute pain, which resolves relatively quickly, chronic low back pain tends to linger and may require ongoing management.
Causes of Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic low back pain can be caused by a variety of underlying issues, including degenerative changes, injuries, or lifestyle factors. Common causes include:
- Degenerative Disc Disease – Wear and tear on spinal discs over time can lead to pain and stiffness.
- Herniated or Bulging Discs – Discs that slip out of place or press on spinal nerves.
- Spinal Stenosis – Narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on nerves.
- Arthritis – Osteoarthritis can affect the lower spine and lead to chronic discomfort.
- Muscle or Ligament Strain – Often due to overuse, poor posture, or improper lifting.
- Poor Posture or Sedentary Lifestyle – Long periods of sitting or weak core muscles contribute to ongoing pain.
- Previous Injury or Surgery – Old injuries or complications from back surgery can lead to lasting pain.
What are the Symptoms of Chronic Low Back Pain?
Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause but commonly include:
- Persistent pain in the lower back that lasts longer than 12 weeks.
- Dull, aching pain that may radiate into the buttocks or legs.
- Stiffness and reduced range of motion, especially after periods of inactivity.
- Sharp or stabbing pain with certain movements or activities.
- Pain that worsens with prolonged sitting, standing, or lifting.
How is Chronic Low Back Pain Diagnosed?
A healthcare provider will start with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be ordered to assess the condition of the spine and identify any structural problems. Additional diagnostic tools like nerve studies or diagnostic injections may be used to pinpoint the source of pain.
What are the Treatment Options for Chronic Low Back Pain?
Treatment for chronic low back pain typically involves a combination of therapies:
- Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve posture.
- Medications such as NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, or nerve pain medications.
- Injections, including steroid or nerve block injections for targeted relief.
- Lifestyle modifications, like weight management and ergonomic changes.
- Interventional procedures such as radiofrequency ablation or spinal cord stimulation.
- Surgery, reserved for cases with structural issues not responding to conservative care.
Early intervention and a personalized treatment plan can help manage chronic low back pain and improve quality of life.
